It is easier to understand if you separate point calculation and actual profit and loss settlement!
mahjong's profit and loss calculation first determines the "final starting points → raw score → final points including uma and oka", and then calculates the actual profit and loss in the order of "points × rate + tip adjustment − table fee". You can easily find calculation errors by checking (checking) whether the total profit and loss for everyone excluding the table fee is exactly 0 (zero sum).
If you would like to check how the rankings are determined and the flow of Hansho, please read first.Introduction to mahjong rules for beginnersBy reading this, you can easily understand the meaning of starting points and parent/child.
7 items that make up profit and loss
In mahjong's profit and loss calculations, it is important not to handle scores and settlement points at the same time. First, the point sticks on the table are converted to points, and then the conversion to P, chips, etc. are reflected. In this article, we use P as a descriptive unit that does not represent money.
| Item | meaning | example |
|---|---|---|
| Final starting points | Point sticks at the end of Hansho/East-only game etc. | 40,000 points |
| return points | Reference points to subtract when calculating raw score | 30,000 points returned |
| raw score | Value of the difference between the final starting points and return points in units of 1,000 points | (40,000−30,000)÷1,000＝+10 |
| uma | Ranking points that move according to the ranking | +20、+10、−10、−20 |
| okay | Top prize born from the difference between starting points and return points | +20 if you have 25,000 points and return 30,000 points |
| rate | Factor for converting 1 point into unit of profit and loss | 1 point = 100P |
| Tip/table fee | Elements to be adjusted separately from point sticks | 1 chip 100P, table fee 400P per person |
The oka here is a four-player mahjong who has 25,000 points and returns 30,000 points, so the difference of 5,000 points per person is 4 players, so oka is 20,000 points, +20 points. Usually added to the top.
Distinguish between “dot”, “point” and “P”
The most confusing thing about profit and loss calculations is that the same numbers have different units. 40,000 to use during matchpoint, write +50 on the settlement sheetpoints, Conversion result for explanation +5,000Pare separate values. By adding units in the record field, you can prevent accidents such as "dividing +50 by 1,000 again" or "adding uma directly to 40,000".
- point
- Tabletop point sticks. Wins, deal-ins, and moves will vary from game to game depending on the flow.
- raw score
- This is the difference between the final starting points and return points, usually expressed in units of 1,000 points during payment.
- final point
- The raw score is the value after rankings are calculated, reflecting uma, oka, etc.
- P
- A neutral unit of measurement used only in this article. It does not represent cash.
oka does not "suddenly add 20 to the top"
In the four-player mahjong, which has 25,000 points and returns 30,000 points, the total score at the start is 100,000 points, but if you calculate the four players with 30,000 points returned, the standard total is 120,000 points. If you add up only the raw score, it will be -20 points. In this example, oka is what returns the missing 20 points to the top. Therefore, the sum of raw score and oka returns to 0.
If the starting points and return points are the same, such as having 30,000 points and returning 30,000 points, this difference will not occur. Some tables do not use oka, so don't judge by the name alone, but check the three items: "starting points", "return points", and "value added to the top".
mahjong's profit and loss calculation is in 5 stages
- Confirm final starting points:At this stage, the order of finishing in the event of a tie and rounding of scores in the 100-point range will also be adjusted to match the rules of the table.
- Give raw score:Generally, it is "(final starting points - return points) ÷ 1,000".
- Reflect uma and oka:Add or subtract the ranking points and add oka to the top.
- Reflect rates and tips:Multiply the points by the rate and add or subtract the number of chips x unit price.
- Subtract table fee:It depends on who pays what percentage of the table fee for the entire table.
Points = raw score + uma + oka
Final profit and loss = points × rate + number of chips × unit price of chips − share of table fee
If you have already recorded the value including oka and uma as the "final point", do not add it again. Please specify whether the input value is point sticks, raw score, or final point.
First, fix the match rule in one line
Before starting the calculation, write the conditions in one line, such as "four-player mahjong, 25,000 points, 30,000 points returned, uma10-20, oka20, fractions as specified by the table." "10-20" generally refers to 1st place +20, 2nd place +10, 3rd place -10, and 4th place -20, but the name alone may misunderstand the distribution. It is safe to list all four outfits in the actual table.
The rules for starting points, return points, ranking points, rounding, etc. are not the same for competitive organizations and online mahjongs. For example, the M League has its own starting points and ranking points as official rules, and the highest ranking competition also has items that are accepted or rejected depending on the competition regulations. Do not use the numbers in this article as the "single standard" and prioritize the settings you use among your participants.
Four-player mahjong profit and loss calculation example
Example conditions
- Have 25,000 points / Return 30,000 points
- uma is 1st +20, 2nd +10, 3rd -10, 4th -20
- oka is on top +20
- 1 point = 100P
- 1 chip = 100P
- The total table fee of 1,600P will be shared equally by 4 people.
1. Convert point sticks to points
The final starting points will be 40,000 points, 30,000 points, 20,000 points, and 10,000 points. A raw score is calculated from the difference with the return points, and uma and oka are reflected.
| rank | Final starting points | raw score | uma | okay | final point |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st place | 40,000 points | +10 | +20 | +20 | +50 |
| 2nd place | 30,000 points | 0 | +10 | 0 | +10 |
| 3rd place | 20,000 points | −10 | −10 | 0 | −20 |
| 4th place | 10,000 points | −20 | −20 | 0 | −40 |
2. Reflect rate/tip/table fee
The number of chips will be 1st place + 5 chips, 2nd place - 1 chip, 3rd place - 2 chips, and 4th place - 2 chips. Table fee is 400P per person.
| rank | Point conversion | chip | table fee | final profit and loss |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st place | +5,000P | +500P | −400P | +5,100P |
| 2nd place | +1,000P | −100P | −400P | +500P |
| 3rd place | −2,000P | −200P | −400P | −2,600P |
| 4th place | −4,000P | −200P | −400P | −4,600P |
3. Follow the first calculation using formulas
- Raw score:
(40,000 points − 30,000 points) ÷ 1,000 = +10 points - uma・oka:
+10 + 20 + 20 = +50 points - Point conversion:
+50 × 100P ＝ +5,000P - Chip:
+5 pieces × 100P = +500P - table fee:
+5,000P + 500P − 400P ＝ +5,100P
2nd place and below are calculated using the same column order. The key is to apply the same process to everyone in order from the top, rather than creating a different formula for each person. Even when using a spreadsheet, you can track where differences occur by creating separate columns for "raw score," "ranking points," "conversion," "tips," and "table fee."
Why oka and uma are zero sum
In this example, the raw score is +10, 0, -10, -20, for a total of -20. Adding the top's oka+20 makes it 0, and the uma is also +20, +10, -10, -20, totaling 0. Since the number of chips received corresponds to the number of chips paid, the total will be 0. Only table fees are treated separately as items that go outside the table.
Calculate the total for everyone
In the example above, the final points are +50, +10, -20, and -40, so the total is 0. The chips are also +5, -1, -2, -2, totaling 0. Therefore, the total profit and loss before subtracting the table fee will also be 0P.
The final profit and loss after reflecting the table fee is +5,100P, +500P, -2,600P, -4,600P, for a total of -1,600P. This corresponds to the table fee of 1,600P for the entire table.
Order of confirmation when the totals do not match
- Does the final starting points total match the total number of point sticks distributed?
- Are the pluses and minuses of uma balanced?
- Are you adding oka to the top twice?
- Do the number of chips received and the number of chips paid match?
- Does the total table fee amount match the table fee for the entire table?
Decide on fractional numbers, ties, and winnings before calculations.
The final starting points are not necessarily in units of 1,000 points. If the score is 35,700 points, the difference from return points of 30,000 points is +5,700 points, and the raw score before conversion is +5.7 points. Whether to use this +5.7 as is, round it up to an integer, or round up, round down, or round down to the nearest whole number depends on the adoption rules.
Apply the same rounding rules to everyone
If you want to round the number, do it only once, immediately after entering the final starting points. After rounding by raw score, if you round the same fraction again in P conversion, the errors will overlap. Regulations where the sum after rounding does not add up to 0 may require additional steps, such as aggregation to the top fraction. Don't adjust just one person to your advantage, and record the method you decided on before the match.
In case of a tie, uma will be added after determining the finishing order.
When there are two people with the same final starting points, how they are handled depends on the rules, such as placing the person closer to the originator higher, or dividing the ranking points. Even if the final starting points are the same, the uma will change if the finishing order is different, so first determine the ranking and then add the ranking points. Not only the final starting points but also the final ranking will be recorded.
Additional awards such as Tobi Award and Yakitori will be placed in separate columns.
When adopting additional awards, it is easier to verify the calculations by clearly indicating how many points will be transferred from who to whom, and not grouping them into a single column such as "Other adjustments." For example, if the Tobi Prize is a transfer of 5 points from one person to another, enter +5 for the recipient and -5 for the payer at the same time. On the other hand, if the provision is treated as a bonus added from an external source, it will not be zero-sum, so the reason and source will be noted.
Confirmation notes before starting the match
- Add starting points, return points, and oka to the top
- uma for 4th place and how to determine ranking in case of tie
- At what stage and how should you handle fractions in the 100-point range?
- Whether or not Tobi has ended, and the recipient/payer of the Tobi Award
- Tipping target, unit price, and table fee payment method
Common profit and loss calculation mistakes
Treat point sticks and points as the same unit
40,000 points and +50 points are different values. Convert point sticks to the difference from return points, convert to 1,000 points, and then reflect uma and oka.
Confusing starting points and return points
If you have 25,000 points and return 30,000 points, the starting point of the game is 25,000 points, and the raw score calculation standard is 30,000 points. This difference becomes the source of oka.
Mix table fee with profit and loss
Table fee is the cost of using the table. If you save it separately from increases and decreases due to wins and losses, you can check the pure performance and actual expenditure separately.
Compare matches of different rules as is
If the uma, oka, rate, chips, and table fees are different, the profit and loss will be different even if the order of finishing is the same. For long-term aggregation, at least separate the main rules into three-player mahjong and four-player mahjong.
Think of oka as "points handed out to everyone"
In this example, oka+20 is a process that adds the amount that makes the total raw score -20 due to the difference with return points to the top. It's not like giving out +20 to 4 people each, or adding it twice in addition to the top raw score. Calculate the oka total once from the starting point and return points and confirm the recipient.
Add chips to point sticks or final points
Chips move outside of point sticks, so they don't turn 40,000 points into 40,500 points or +50 points into +55 points. After converting the final points to P, add or subtract it using the number of chips x unit price column. By doing this, you can also create a score summary that does not use chips from the same match record.
Compare the value including table fee as "mahjong's win/loss"
If the table fee is the same each time, the total including table fee will decrease as the number of matches increases. If you want to see pure match results, separate and tally "profit and loss up to points/chips" and "final profit and loss including table fee." It is important not to mix two numbers with different purposes into one graph.
Ready-to-use profit and loss calculation sheet
Whether you use paper, a spreadsheet, or an app, you can recalculate by creating columns in the following order. Please separate the input field and calculation field so that the recruitment rules will not be overwritten midway through.
| column | Input/calculation details | things to check |
|---|---|---|
| A Fixed ranking | 1st to 4th place | Have the ranking rules for tied scores been reflected? |
| B final starting points | tabletop point sticks | Does the total of 4 people match the starting total score? |
| C raw score | (B−return points)÷1,000 | Did you round the numbers only once? |
| D uma | Adjustment by rank | Is the total of 4 people 0? |
| Eoka | Add only top | Does it match the shortfall in C? |
| F final point | C+D+E+Additional Award | If the rule is zero sum, then the total is 0. |
| G point conversion | F×rate | Is the unit set to P? |
| H tip | Number of sheets x unit price | Is the total number of sheets for everyone 0? |
| I table fee | Each person's share | Does the total burden match the table fee for the entire table? |
| J final profit and loss | G+H−I | Does the total of all members match the minus of the table fee? |
Reverse lookup when calculations do not match
| symptoms | first column to look at | Common causes |
|---|---|---|
| Final point total is positive | D・E | Minus deficiency of uma, double addition of oka |
| Final point total is negative | C・E | oka not entered, return points mixed up |
| Shifts only after P conversion | G | Different rates apply to some people |
| It shifts with the chip included. | H | The number of tickets received and the number of tickets paid do not match. |
| Final total is different from table fee | I | Incorrect input of number of people to pay, fraction, and lump sum payment |
Calculation is done not only at the end, but also in four stages: B, F, H, and J. Finding the difference early on saves you from having to redo all subsequent multiplications.
Items to record along with profit and loss
- Match date and time and participants
- Match formats such as three-player mahjong, four-player mahjong, East-only game, Hanzhuang game, etc.
- starting points, return points, uma, oka
- Rounding of 100 points and finishing order in case of tie
- Additional rules such as Tobi Prize
- Rate, chip unit price, number of chips
- Total table fee and payment method
- Final starting points, final points, final profit and loss
In three-player mahjong, the distribution of ranking points and starting points may vary greatly. For more detailsHow to record three-player mahjong's uma and profit and lossIt is organized by.
Align rules when counting
You can add different rules to just the total profit and loss, but it is not suitable for causal analysis. Even though they have the same +50 points, four-player mahjong's uma10-20 and different ranking points have different meanings. By recording results so that they can be narrowed down by three-player mahjong/four-player mahjong, Dongfeng/Southeast, starting points/return points, uma, and presence/absence of chips, you can break down changes such as ``even though the finishing order has improved, the profit and loss including table fee has decreased.''
Average placement, first-place rate, and last-place rate are placement indicators that are not affected by rates or table fees. When reading together with profit and loss, please match them with the same period and same rules. How to read detailed indicatorsWhat is the average placement of mahjong?It is explained in.
Frequently asked questions about mahjong's profit and loss calculations
In what order should mahjong's profit and loss be calculated?
Subtract the return points from the final starting points to get the raw score, then reflect the uma and oka to determine the final points. Then, multiply the points by the rate, add or subtract the tip, and finally subtract the table fee. The trick is not to treat point sticks, points, and P in the same column.
What is the difference between uma and oka?
uma is a ranking point that is added or subtracted depending on the order of finish. oka results from the difference between starting points and return points, and in this example is the point added to the top. As the distribution and acceptance of both will vary depending on the rules, we will confirm the recipients of the 4 suits of uma and oka before the match.
Why doesn't the sum of profit and loss equal zero?
Regarding the delivery of points, chips, and additional prizes (excluding table fees), we will make sure that the total sum is 0 if the rules are zero-sum. After subtracting the table fee, if the final profit and loss total for everyone matches the minus table fee for the entire table, the calculation is correct. If external bonuses are used, separate them into a separate item.
About the rules:Treatment of uma/oka, rounding, ranking in case of a tie, Tobi prize, chips, and table fees vary depending on the table and store. The example in this article shows the calculation procedure; in actual payment, please prioritize the rules agreed upon before matching.
Reference materials/confirmed rules
In order to confirm that there are rules differences in calculation items, we referred to the official regulations of specific organizations. The specific examples in this article have been created independently for illustrative purposes, and do not treat any group's rules as the only general method.
- M League Organization General Incorporated Association “What is M League?” — Specific examples of official rules including starting points, ranking points, etc.
- General Incorporated Association Supreme Tournament Japan Professional Mahjong Association “Rules” — Example of different acceptance/rejection and payment conditions depending on competition regulations
Summary
mahjong's profit and loss is divided into the stage of issuing points from point sticks and the stage of converting points into actual profit and loss. By calculating in the order of "Final starting points → raw score → uma・oka → rate → tip → table fee" and collating the totals for everyone at the end, you will get a consistent profit and loss that can be used for long-term records.